{"id":802,"date":"2025-02-15T02:08:24","date_gmt":"2025-02-15T02:08:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=802"},"modified":"2025-02-15T02:08:24","modified_gmt":"2025-02-15T02:08:24","slug":"the-antibody-eliciting-dengue-antigens-m-ns3-ns5-c-are-unlikely-to-be-good-candidates-as-protein-m-often-elicits-antibodies-that-are-poorly-or-non-neutralizing-and-enhance-ade-42","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=802","title":{"rendered":"\ufeffThe antibody-eliciting dengue antigens (M, NS3, NS5, C) are unlikely to be good candidates as protein M often elicits antibodies that are poorly or non-neutralizing and enhance ADE (42)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\ufeffThe antibody-eliciting dengue antigens (M, NS3, NS5, C) are unlikely to be good candidates as protein M often elicits antibodies that are poorly or non-neutralizing and enhance ADE (42). immune responses to multiple infections, antibody-dependent enhancement, identification of novel therapeutics and advance vaccine research. Keywords: artificial intelligence, dengue, antibody discovery, B-cell receptor, immune repertoire, computer virus, immunotherapy, machine learning Introduction Dengue computer virus (DENV) is a member of the family and the etiologic agent of dengue fever. Five serotypes have been reported (DENV1 – DENV5), with the fifth limited only to one outbreak in Sarawak, Malaysia (1, 2). DENV is usually endemic in 128 countries encompassing Africa, the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia and the Western Pacific, and causes an estimated 390 million cases each year, of which 96 million manifest clinically (3). Its global incidence has grown dramatically in the recent decade and now poses a serious threat to public health, especially in Asia, which shoulders 70% of the burden (4). The epicenter of dengue contamination is in the Indian subcontinent where the climate and the environment make it hard to contain contamination (5). Due to the increase of travel to low- and middle-income endemic countries, dengue fever is usually spreading to European countries. Worldwide, it is estimated that approximately 500,000 patients require hospitalization and 12,500 of those dying due to dengue annually (3). The burden of dengue has a great economic impact on countries, particularly developing countries, generating an estimated total annual global cost of 8-9 billion Butoconazole US dollars (6). Current State of Vaccine and Therapeutic Development The main vector for viral transmission of dengue is the female and mosquitos (7). The mosquito becomes infected by biting an infected individual and after a week the mosquito can bite a healthy person and spread the computer virus. The computer virus cannot spread person to person. In humans the primary contamination prospects to largely asymptomatic cases, but in some cases, can cause non-specific flu-like symptoms (e.g., severe headache, nausea) followed by spontaneous recovery and lifelong serotype-specific immunization (8). Reinfection by a heterologous serotype of dengue can lead to severe and fatal disease such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). It is currently believed that this dramatic response to heterologous contamination is caused by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) (8). ADE is usually caused by an increase of viral particles into hosts cells due to non-specific or low affinity DENV antibodies developed in the primary contamination (8). There are numerous hypotheses on how this occurs and no resolutive conclusions have been found so far. Despite many efforts, there are no universal vaccine nor treatments available against dengue. In 2019, the FDA approved the first dengue vaccine, CYD-TDV developed by Sanofi Pasteur (9). CYD-TDV is usually a tetravalent live-attenuated vaccine and is currently available in 20 countries in Asia, Latin America, and Australia 1 . The vaccine is successful at preventing severe contamination in previously infected individuals but increases the risk of severe disease in dengue-na?ve (seronegative) individuals 2 . Consequently, the WHO Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (GACVS) concluded that individuals who are seronegative should not be vaccinated Butoconazole with CYD-TDV 3 . Therefore, a universal vaccine is still needed to prevent contamination, in particular in children whom are more likely to be seronegative. Table?1 reports CYD-TDV and the additional dengue vaccine and therapeutic candidates. Rabbit Polyclonal to DDX3Y<\/a> Butoconazole<\/a> Two other tetravalent live-attenuated vaccines, developed by U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH), Butantan and Takeda, are currently under evaluation in Phase III trials (10, 11). Other dengue vaccine candidates that are currently in clinical development are: D1ME100 DNA vaccine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\ufeffThe antibody-eliciting dengue antigens (M, NS3, NS5, C) are unlikely to be good candidates as protein M often elicits antibodies that are poorly or non-neutralizing […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hsl"],"yoast_head":"\n\ufeffThe antibody-eliciting dengue antigens (M, NS3, NS5, C) are unlikely to be good candidates as protein M often elicits antibodies that are poorly or non-neutralizing and enhance ADE (42) - Discovery and characterization of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=802\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ufeffThe antibody-eliciting dengue antigens (M, NS3, NS5, C) are unlikely to be good candidates as protein M often elicits antibodies that are poorly or non-neutralizing and enhance ADE (42) - 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