{"id":750,"date":"2024-12-20T23:12:55","date_gmt":"2024-12-20T23:12:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=750"},"modified":"2024-12-20T23:12:55","modified_gmt":"2024-12-20T23:12:55","slug":"further-there-is-a-clear-trend-that-pncps-booster-induces-higher-salivary-anti-pnc-ps-antibody-concentrations-than-the-pncompc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=750","title":{"rendered":"\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC. Conclusion We found that PncOMPC can induce a mucosal IgA response. 19F and 23F IgA concentrations at the age of 7 months. At the age of 13 months, antibody concentrations did not differ between PncOMPC and control groups. The rises in IgA concentrations between 7 and 13 months of age were mainly of subclass IgA1. Further, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC. Conclusion We found that PncOMPC can induce a mucosal IgA response. However, the actual impact of mucosal antibodies in protection against pneumococcal infections is not clear. Background <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae <\/em>(Pnc) frequently colonises mucosal epithelium at nasopharynx without causing any symptoms [1]. The carriage rate varies depending on the age, being highest in children under two years of age [2]. Further, the prevalence of pneumococcal carriage is higher in developing than developed countries [3]. Although the pneumococcal carriage is often harmless, it may lead to a local disease, e.g. to acute otitis media (AOM), sinusitis or to an invasive disease like pneumonia, meningitis or sepsis [3]. The main mechanism of defence against pneumococcus are anticapsular antibodies, which help in the phagocytosis or which can counteract acquisition of pneumococcus probably by preventing adhesion to the mucosal surface [4]. In serum the predominant immunoglobulin class <a href=\"http:\/\/mineralogy4kids.org\/crystals\/crystal.html\">Rabbit Polyclonal to AMPKalpha (phospho-Thr172)<\/a> is IgG. The salivary IgG is mainly derived from serum by leakage across capillaries and entering saliva through gingival crevices. However, some local production of IgG may take place [5,6]. At mucosal membranes IgA is the main immunoglobulin class and it is found most often in the secretory form (sIgA). The role of serum IgG in the defence against pneumococcus is obvious; IgG can activate complement efficiently and further lead to phagocytosis of bacteria. The function of mucosal antibodies in humans is less clear. However, there are several pieces of evidence, which suggest that they do have a role in the defence. The presence of pneumococcus in nasopharynx induces salivary antibodies against pneumococcal proteins and polysaccharides already in infants [7,8], and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines evoke mucosal immune response [5,9-15]. In addition to invasive disease and pneumonia, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines prevent also local infections like AOM and carriage [16-22]. Further, in an animal model mucosal antibodies prevented the acquisition of pneumococcus [23]. At the moment there is only one licensed pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PncCRM. The vaccine contains seven pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (PS) conjugated to a non-toxic variant form of diphtheria toxin (CRM197). The Kaiser Permanente Efficacy Trial in the USA showed that PncCRM is highly protective, 97.4% (95% CI 88.7 to 99.9%), against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by vaccine serotypes [16]. Among American Indian children, which are a high risk population for pneumococcal infection, the intention-to-treat total primary efficacy of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adooq.com\/isocarboxazid.html\">Isocarboxazid<\/a> PncCRM against invasive disease was 82.6% (95% CI 21.4 to 96.1%) [24]. The efficacy of a 9-valent PncCRM in HIV-infected and uninfected children has been studied in Soweto, South-Africa [25]. The vaccine prevented there 83% (95% CI 39C97%) of invasive pneumococcal infections due to vaccine serotypes in HIV-uninfected children. The respective number was 65% (95% CI 24C86%) in HIV-infected children. In the Finnish Otitis Media (FinOM) Vaccine Trial, two pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, PncCRM and PncOMPC, were investigated in parallel regarding the efficacy against AOM using hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) as a control for both arms. The efficacy of the PncCRM vaccine was 57% (95% CI 44 to 67%) [19] and of the PncOMPC vaccine 56% (95% CI 44 to 66%) [22] against AOM caused by the vaccine serotypes. In the setting of the FinOM Vaccine Trial we have had a possibility to evaluate both the serum [19,22] and mucosal immunity [10] as surrogates of vaccine efficacy [26]. The aim of this study was to measure the mucosal antibody responses after vaccination with 3 or 4 4 doses of either the PncOMPC or the control vaccine. Measurement of Isocarboxazid anti-Pnc antibodies against serotypes 6B, 14, Isocarboxazid 19F and 23F were selected because these types were most commonly associated with AOM in the FinOM studies [10,19,27]. We compared the prevalence and concentrations of salivary antibodies at 7 and 13 months of age in the PncOMPC and control group. We.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC. Conclusion We found that PncOMPC can [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hormone-sensitive-lipase"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC - Discovery and characterization of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=750\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC - Discovery and characterization of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC. Conclusion We found that PncOMPC can [...]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=750\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Discovery and characterization of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-20T23:12:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"wpadmin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"wpadmin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/?p=750#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/?p=750\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"wpadmin\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5a1d916d8ed9c89b34ac45c96f81e776\"},\"headline\":\"\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-12-20T23:12:55+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/?p=750\"},\"wordCount\":690,\"articleSection\":[\"Hormone-sensitive Lipase\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/?p=750\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/?p=750\",\"name\":\"\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC - Discovery and characterization of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-12-20T23:12:55+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5a1d916d8ed9c89b34ac45c96f81e776\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/?p=750#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/?p=750\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/?p=750#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Discovery and characterization of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists\",\"description\":\"Just another WordPress site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5a1d916d8ed9c89b34ac45c96f81e776\",\"name\":\"wpadmin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e57206ca88c051844b618224f501afdd8e9328b238000fd2f37bf30c03bcff14?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e57206ca88c051844b618224f501afdd8e9328b238000fd2f37bf30c03bcff14?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e57206ca88c051844b618224f501afdd8e9328b238000fd2f37bf30c03bcff14?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"wpadmin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wmtc2006.com\\\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC - Discovery and characterization of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=750","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC - Discovery and characterization of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists","og_description":"\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC. Conclusion We found that PncOMPC can [...]","og_url":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=750","og_site_name":"Discovery and characterization of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists","article_published_time":"2024-12-20T23:12:55+00:00","author":"wpadmin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"wpadmin","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=750#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=750"},"author":{"name":"wpadmin","@id":"http:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5a1d916d8ed9c89b34ac45c96f81e776"},"headline":"\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC","datePublished":"2024-12-20T23:12:55+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=750"},"wordCount":690,"articleSection":["Hormone-sensitive Lipase"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=750","url":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=750","name":"\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC - Discovery and characterization of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-12-20T23:12:55+00:00","author":{"@id":"http:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5a1d916d8ed9c89b34ac45c96f81e776"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=750#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=750"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?p=750#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\ufeffFurther, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/#website","url":"http:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/","name":"Discovery and characterization of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists","description":"Just another WordPress site","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"http:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5a1d916d8ed9c89b34ac45c96f81e776","name":"wpadmin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e57206ca88c051844b618224f501afdd8e9328b238000fd2f37bf30c03bcff14?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e57206ca88c051844b618224f501afdd8e9328b238000fd2f37bf30c03bcff14?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e57206ca88c051844b618224f501afdd8e9328b238000fd2f37bf30c03bcff14?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"wpadmin"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/wmtc2006.com"],"url":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/750","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=750"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/750\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":751,"href":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/750\/revisions\/751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wmtc2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}