Delta Ct-values are used instead of the exponential of the delta Ct since this way it is more convenient for binarization. Table S5: Comparing expression levels for genes in serum/LIF vs 2i/LIF.(PDF) pcbi.1003777.s012.pdf (189K) GUID:?B2D8FF15-9206-4B14-B65E-4464841643BC Table S6: Out-degree centrality measures in terms of critical links of nodes in the ensemble, representative networks of mESCs in serum/LIF and 2i/LIF.(PDF) pcbi.1003777.s013.pdf (183K) GUID:?0D127E7D-3787-4CB7-8E97-7C90D7AB88CA Table S7: Relationship between protein pairs connected by AND gate and literature evidence.(PDF) pcbi.1003777.s014.pdf (192K) GUID:?8735797A-3F75-4BCB-8211-3AE5BC34480C Table S8: Comparison values of computational and experimental knockdowns used in Figure 5D.(PDF) pcbi.1003777.s015.pdf (205K) GUID:?A68F0044-2F76-4C97-9DCA-164A4F472331 Table S9: Primers used for RT-PCR analysis in mESCs.(PDF) pcbi.1003777.s016.pdf (208K) GUID:?170A4AAC-EF77-4853-99A8-6DB02561E4B2 Text S1: Supporting information text including details about learning and optimization of Boolean transition functions, analysis of Oct4/Pou5f1 binding sites within gene promoter regions, comparison of distribution of Esrrb expression in Esrrb-rescue mESCs and other single mESCs, dynamical simulations and comparison between and experimental knockdowns, quantifying agreement between experimental results and simulations results of networks learned from randomized single cell data/network topology, defining large sets of lineage-specific signature genes, lineage commitment predictions, and co-immuno-precipitation validation of Nanog-Sox2 interaction in ESCs.(PDF) pcbi.1003777.s017.pdf (394K) GUID:?9A50ED34-D7CF-48EC-A099-51745330494B Data Availability StatementThe authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. Relevant data can be found within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Other relevant data can be found at the ESCAPE database available at: http://www.maayanlab.net/ESCAPE. Abstract A 30-node NVP-BKM120 Hydrochloride signed and directed network responsible for self-renewal and pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) was extracted from several ChIP-Seq and knockdown followed by expression prior studies. The underlying regulatory logic among network components was then learned using the initial network topology and single cell gene expression measurements from mESCs cultured in serum/LIF or serum-free 2i/LIF conditions. Comparing the learned network regulatory logic derived from cells cultured in NVP-BKM120 Hydrochloride serum/LIF vs. 2i/LIF revealed differential roles for Nanog, Oct4/Pou5f1, Sox2, Esrrb and Tcf3. Overall, gene expression in the serum/LIF condition was more variable than in the 2i/LIF but mostly consistent across the two conditions. Expression levels for most genes in single cells were bimodal across the entire population and this motivated a Boolean modeling approach. predictions derived from removal of nodes from the Boolean dynamical model were validated with experimental single and combinatorial RNA interference (RNAi) knockdowns of selected network components. Quantitative post-RNAi expression level measurements of remaining network components showed good agreement with the predictions. Computational removal of nodes from the Boolean network model was also used to predict lineage specification outcomes. In summary, data integration, modeling, and targeted experiments were used to improve our understanding of the regulatory topology that controls mESC fate decisions as well as to develop robust directed lineage specification protocols. Author Summary For this study we first constructed a directed and signed network consisting of 15 pluripotency regulators and 15 lineage commitment markers that extensively interact to regulate mouse embryonic stem cells fate decisions from data available in the public domain. Given the connectivity structure of this network, the underlying regulatory logic was learned using single cell gene expression measurements of mESCs cultured in two different NVP-BKM120 Hydrochloride conditions. With connectivity and logic learned, the network was then simulated using a dynamic Boolean logic framework. Such simulations enabled prediction of knockdown effects on the overall activity of the network. NVP-BKM120 Hydrochloride Such predictions were validated by single and combinatorial RNA interference experiments followed by expression measurements. Finally, lineage specification outcomes upon single and combinatorial gene knockdowns were predicted for all possible knockdown combinations. Introduction mESCs are derived from the inner cell mass of a developing blastocyst and can be propagated indefinitely in culture. Cultured mESCs can contribute to all adult cell populations, including the germ-line. Human ESCs have similar differentiation potential. It is now established that somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using simple combinations of transcription factors (TFs) [1]C[3] or other methods. Mouse and human iPSCs closely NVP-BKM120 Hydrochloride resemble ESCs, potentially removing ethical and tissue rejection barriers to applications in regenerative medicine. In order to harness the full Rabbit polyclonal to Chk1.Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is required for checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest and activation of DNA repair in response to the presence of DNA damage or unreplicated DNA.May also negatively regulate cell cycle progression during unperturbed cell cycles.This regulation is achieved by a number of mechanisms that together help to preserve the integrity of the genome. potential of stem cell therapeutics there is a pressing need to further characterize the regulatory topology that controls pluripotency as well as commitment and differentiation to specific lineages. Pluripotency is maintained by a densely interconnected network of auto- and cross-regulatory TFs and other transcription regulators. These TFs and regulators promote the expression of other pluripotency genes and simultaneously suppress the expression of differentiation inducers [4]. To dissect the ESC regulatory topology, genome-wide high-throughput technology such as for example cDNA microarrays, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, immuno-precipitation accompanied by mass.